Brief Description
Osteoarthritis, also known as Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), is one of the most common conditions affecting performance and pleasure horses. Osteoarthritis is progressive and permanent deterioration of articular cartilage, the tissue that lines the ends of bones. The joints most frequently affected by osteoarthritis include the knee, fetlock, coffin and pastern (where it is often referred to as “ringbone”). Arthritis is also common in the hock, where it may be called “bone spavin.” Healthy articular cartilage provides a smooth, slippery surface that allows free movement and contributes to the shock absorbing properties of the joint. The compromised articular cartilage seen in osteoarthritis can result in stiffness, shortness of stride and obvious lameness. Osteoarthritis often results from simple wear and tear of daily exercise, but may also be caused by poor conformation or trauma.
Possible Diagnostic Tests
It is important to diagnose and begin treatment of osteoarthritis as early as possibly to help slow or prevent progression of the disease. Diagnosis begins with a complete history and physical examination, including palpation. Next, the veterinarian observes the horse for soundness (with and without flexion tests) while jogged in-hand, lunged and/or ridden. Nerve blocks may be helpful in localizing pain. Once a problem in a particular joint is identified, it may be examined further through x-rays (radiography), ultrasound, bone scan (nuclear scintigraphy), CT scan and/or MRI.
Prescription Medications Available
Osteoarthritis is usually treated with a combination of therapies, depending on the age and activity level of the horse and how severe the osteoarthritis is. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) such as bute (phenylbutazone), Equioxx, or Surpass may be prescribed to reduce pain. Injectable medications such as Adequan and Legend are commonly used to slow progression and stimulate healing.
Supplements that May Lend Support
There is now extensive research showing oral joint supplements are safe, well-absorbed and beneficial in supporting joint health. The two most commonly used ingredients—Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate—appear to work better when given together to inhibit breakdown and stimulate growth of cartilage. There is also evidence that Hyaluronic Acid is important both in halting inflammation and assisting with tissue repair. Other joint supplement ingredients include:
- MSM
- Cetyl myristoleate
- ASU (avocado unsponifiables)
- Vitamin C and minerals as co-factors for cartilage production
- Omega 3 fatty acids
- Hydrolyzed collagen/Gelatin
- Herbs for pain and inflammation such as Devil’s Claw, Yucca, and Boswellia
Other Management Suggestions
Additional therapy may include icing/cold hosing, pressure wraps and newer treatments such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and interleukin receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) therapy. In addition, the appropriate combination of rest, exercise and turnout must be established. Corrective trimming and shoeing as well as training modifications may also be recommended.
Questions to Ask Your Veterinarian
- What treatment protocol is best for my horse’s specific condition?
- Will this protocol return him to his former level of performance?
- Can I still jump my horse?
- When will I know it’s time to retire him?
For more information on this topic or general horse care information, contact a SmartPak Product Specialist at 1-800-461-8898 or visit the website at www.SmartPakEquine.com.
Article provided by SmartPak.
Dr. Lydia Gray is the Medical Director/Staff Veterinarian for SmartPak, where she guides research and new product development, answers questions on her Ask the Vet blog, and speaks around the country at various events such as Equine Affaire, Dressage at Devon, and the USHJA Trainers’ Symposiums. |
